Basic principles and process characteristics of centrifugal casting

Centrifugal casting is a unique casting technique that involves injecting liquid metal into a high-speed rotating mold, utilizing the dynamic effects of the metal liquid under centrifugal force to fill the mold and form a casting. Under the action of centrifugal force, liquid metal can effectively fill the mold radially, forming a free surface of the casting, and obtaining a cylindrical inner hole without the need for a core. In addition, centrifugal force also helps to eliminate gases and inclusions in the molten metal, affecting the crystallization process of the metal, thereby improving the mechanical and physical properties of castings.

In terms of process characteristics, centrifugal casting has significant advantages. Firstly, it significantly improves the filling ability of molten metal, especially suitable for producing long tube and thin-walled castings, simplifying the production process of sleeve and tube castings. Secondly, centrifugal casting has almost no metal consumption in the pouring system and riser system, which improves the process yield. Furthermore, this technology facilitates the manufacturing of composite metal castings such as steel backed copper sleeves, bimetallic rollers, etc. However, centrifugal casting also has some limitations, such as the tendency of castings to produce specific gravity segregation, inaccurate inner hole diameter, rough surface, and certain limitations in producing irregular castings.

Overall, centrifugal casting occupies an important position in the field of casting due to its unique basic principles and significant process characteristics, especially in the production of tubular, sleeve shaped, and ring-shaped castings, demonstrating unique advantages. By continuously optimizing process parameters and technical means, centrifugal casting technology is expected to further expand its application scope, improve casting quality and production efficiency.